Thyroid gland ek chhoti, lekin bahut hi zaroori gland hai jo gardan ke aagele hisse mein hoti hai, gala ke neeche. Yeh butterfly-shape wali gland hai jo hormones banati hai. Yeh hormones aapke sharir ke kai zaroori functions ko control karte hain, jaise energy ka istemal kaise hota hai, wazan kaise badhta ya ghatta hai, aur dil kitni tez dhadakta hai.
Thyroid gland se do mukhya hormones nikalte hain: thyroxine (T4) aur triiodothyronine (T3). Yeh hormones directly bloodstream mein jate hain aur fir poore sharir mein failte hain. Yeh hormones cells aur tissues ko batate hain ki unhe kaise aur kitni energy istemal karni chahiye. Is prakriya ko metabolism kehte hain. Agar thyroid gland sahi se kaam kar rahi ho, to aapka metabolism normal hota hai aur sharir ka energy level balance mein rehta hai.
Thyroid ki problems tab shuru hoti hain jab yeh gland ya to zyada hormones banane lagti hai ya kam. Jab thyroid gland zyada hormones banati hai to ise hyperthyroidism kehte hain. Hyperthyroidism ke karan metabolism tezi se hota hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ki sharir zyada energy jala raha hai. Is condition mein log wazan kam hone lagte hain, bechain mehsoos karte hain, paseena zyada aata hai, aur dil tez dhadakta hai. Hyperthyroidism ke common karan Graves’ disease hota hai, jo ek auto-immune bimari hai jisme sharir ki immune system galti se thyroid gland ko attack karti hai, jisse yeh overactive ho jati hai.
Dusri taraf, jab thyroid gland kam hormones banati hai to ise hypothyroidism kehte hain. Hypothyroidism mein metabolism dheere ho jata hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ki sharir energy ko itni tezi se use nahi karta. Isse thakan mehsoos hoti hai, wazan badhne lagta hai, thand zyada lagti hai, aur kabhi-kabhi depression bhi hota hai. Hypothyroidism ke karan mein ek common reason Hashimoto’s disease hai, jo bhi ek auto-immune bimari hai. Isme immune system thyroid gland par attack karta hai aur usse kamjor banata hai, jisse yeh kam hormones banati hai.
Thyroid ki bimariyon ka ilaj zaroori hai kyunki inka sharir ke kai hisso par asar padta hai. Hyperthyroidism aur hypothyroidism dono ka ilaj alag hota hai. Hyperthyroidism ke liye doctor medicines dete hain jo thyroid hormones ki production ko kam karti hain. Kabhi-kabhi radioactive iodine therapy bhi di jati hai, jo thyroid gland ke kuch hisson ko khatam kar deti hai taaki yeh kam hormones banaye. Bahut rare cases mein surgery bhi karni padti hai, jisme thyroid gland ka kuch hissa ya pura gland nikal diya jata hai.
Hypothyroidism ke liye treatment mein thyroid hormones ki kami ko poora karna padta hai. Iske liye doctors synthetic thyroxine (T4) naam ki dawa dete hain, jo sharir mein naturally banne wale T4 hormone ka replacement hota hai. Yeh dawa roj lena padta hai, aur doctor iski dosage ko aapke hormones ke level ke hisab se adjust karte hain.
Thyroid ki problems se bachne ke liye iodine ki zaroorat hoti hai, kyunki yeh thyroid hormones banne ke liye zaroori hai. Iodine ka main source namak hota hai, isliye iodine-yukt namak ka istemal karna zaroori hai. Kuch jagah, paani aur mitti mein iodine ki kami hoti hai, jisse logon mein iodine deficiency ho sakti hai aur thyroid ke problems badh sakti hain.
Agar aapko thyroid ki problems ke lakshan dikhai dene lagen, jaise ki achanak wazan badhna ya ghatna, thakan mehsoos hona, ya dil ki dhadkan mein badlav, to doctor se consult karna zaroori hai. Thyroid tests, jise TSH test kehte hain, se pata lagaya ja sakta hai ki aapki thyroid gland sahi se kaam kar rahi hai ya nahi.
Aajkal ke busy lifestyle mein, thyroid ki problems common ho gayi hain. Lekin, sahi treatment aur diet ke saath, inhe control kiya ja sakta hai aur aap apni sehat ko achhe se maintain kar sakte hain. Thyroid gland chhoti si hai, lekin iska aapke overall health par bahut bada asar padta hai, isliye iske functions ko samajhna aur iski care karna zaroori hai.